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 Tutorials

ACOUSTICS - FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Acoustic Pressure Oscillation in a Pipe via the Finite Element Method: aco__pipe_FEM.pdf
Acoustic Pressure Oscillation in a Two-Dimensional Pressure Field via the Finite Element Method using Triangular Elements: aco__triangle.pdf
Matlab Script: acoustic_fea.m
Supporting Functions:
triangular_acoustic_local.m
Generalized_Eigen.m
Generalized_Eigen_semidefinite.m


Airport and Aircraft Noise

This section has moved to:  Airport & Aircraft Noise Page

Architectural Acoustics

Acoustic Transmission Loss: aco_tl.pdf
Natural Frequencies of Rectangular Rooms: aco_rec.pdf
Reverberation Time in Architectural Acoustics: reverb.pdf
This tutorial also covers the Sabine equation and sound absorption.
Sound Pressure Level in a Semireverberant Field: semirev.pdf

Arthur Noxon, Auditorium Acoustics: aa101.pdf

Atmospheric Sound Propagation

Sonic and Vibration Environments for Ground Facilities - A Design Manual, Prepared for NASA by Wyle Laboratories: sonic_ground.pdf
Atmospheric Sound Propagation from a Monopole Source via Direct, Reflected, and Surface Waves: direct_reflected.pdf
Atmospheric Absorption: atmospheric_absorption.pdf
Matlab Scripts
Adjustment of SPL for ambient temperature and pressure: SPL_change_ambient.m
Atmospheric Absorption: atmosphere_absorption.m
Spherical propagation from a point source through the atmosphere with both direct and ground reflected waves:
direct_reflected.m
faddeeva.m
progressbar.m
Bruel & Kjaer Booklets
Basic Concepts of Sound
Basic Frequency Analysis of Sound
Building Acoustics
Environmental Noise Measurement
Measuring Sound
Microphones
Sound Intensity
PCB
Microphone_Handbook

 Environmental Noise and Abatement

Noise Measurement: noise.pdf
This tutorial also covers weighting networks for sound level meters.

U.S. Army, Noise and Vibration Control: army_noise.pdf

U.S. Army, Evaluation of Ground Vibrations Induced by Military Noise Sources: ERDC-TR-06-5.pdf

Sound Behavior and Control, with Practical Diagrams. Developed by Stig Ingemansson, Ingemansson Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. (Large File: 25 Mb). sound_control.pdf

A Guide to Noise Control in Minnesota: noisecmin.pdf


U.S. Department of Transportation, Highway Traffic Noise: highway.pdf

U.S. Department of Transportation, Measurement of Highway-Related Noise: highway_related.pdf
Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement: abate.pdf
Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment: FTA_Noise_and_Vibration_Manual.pdf
Automotive Acoustic Glossary: auto_sounds.pdf

The Use of Shrubs and Trees for Traffic Noise Attenuation: tree.pdf

Environmental Noise (Bruel & Kjaer): bksv.pdf

Washington State: Noise_Impact_Assessment.pdf
Environmental Noise and Ground Vibration: Chapter12_Noise_Vibration.pdf
Special Noise Barrier Application: WA_RD_304p1.pdf

Outdoor Barrier Insertion Loss:  noise_barrier_attenuation.pdf

Matlab script:  barrier_attenuation.m

See also:  acoustic-to-seismic coupling page

Sonic Booms

McLaughlin, et al, Infrasound Detection of Rocket Launches: rocket_infrasound.pdf
Wind Turbine Tower Infrasound in Nova Scotia: Silent_wind.pdf

Sonic Booms, USAF Fact Sheet 96-03: SBFact.pdf

FAA Sonic Boom Noise and Overpressure: sonicnoise.pdf

Joseph E. Cates & B. Sturtevant, Seismic detection of sonic booms: seismicboom.pdf


Predicting Launch Vehicle and Plume Sonic Boom using PCBoom3, Kenneth J. Plotkin, Wyle Laboratories: PCBoom3.pdf


News Item: Navy Jets Cause Sonic Boom over Tampa. Registers as magnitude 2.7 quake: Tampa_sonic.pdf

Filters

A Pink Noise Filter: pink.pdf
Pink Noise Sound Files:
pink1.mp3
pink2.mp3

Helmholtz Resonators

An Introduction to Helmholtz Resonators: helm.pdf
Matlab script:  helmholtz.m
NASA TM X-52367, Acoustic Liner Studies at the Lewis Research Center, 1967: Helmholtz_liner.pdf
NASA TN D-5171, On the Design of Acoustic Liners for Rocket Engines: Helmholtz Resonators Evaluated with a Rocket Combustor: Acoustic_liner_design.pdf

Hearing & Psychoacoustics

FAA: Hearing & Noise in Aviation: hearing_brochure.pdf
OSHA Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) Occupational noise exposure. - 1926.52 osha1926.pdf

Infrasound: Brief Review of Toxicological Literature: infra_toxi.pdf
NASA TM X-2298, Relations Among Loudness, Loudness Level, and Sound-Pressure Level, 1971: Loudness_level.pdf

HVAC & Piping Systems

Natural Frequencies of Pipes: pipe.pdf  

Wachel and Bates, Allowable Piping Vibration Levels Graph: piping_spec.pdf
Trane, Specifying Quality Sound for HVAC Systems: Trane_HVAC.pdf

Sound Transmission through Pipes and Ducts: pipe_transmission.pdf

Ocean Acoustics 

J. Hildebrand, Sources of Anthropogenic Sound in the Marine Environment: marine.pdf

 Machinery

 Noise Source Mechanisms in Axial Industrial Fans: fannoise.pdf
Submitted by M.L.G. Boerlage, Fontys University of Professional Education, Netherlands. Vibrationdata.com student paper contest, Spring 2000.

Understanding Transformer Noise: transformer.pdf
Acoustic Radiation Efficiency Models of a Simple Gearbox TM-107226.pdf

The Acoustic Characterisitcs of Turbomachinery Cavities (8.9 Mb) cr4671.pdf

U.S. Army, Power Plant Acoustics powerplant.pdf

Measuring Sound

Hjelmgren, Dynamic Measurement of Pressure: 2002_34.pdf
Absolute Pressure Calibrations of Microphones: abs_microphone.pdf

Miscellaneous

ELF/VLF Radiation Produced by the 1999 Leonid Meteors: Leonid.pdf
Larkin, Effects of Military Noise on Wildlife: a Literature Review: noise_and_wildlife.pdf
Mankin, et al, Acoustic Detection and Identification of Insects in Soil: insects.pdf

Music

The Fundamental Frequencies of Piano Keys:  piano.pdf
Tuning Fork Sound and Vibration: tuning.pdf
An Introduction to Music Theory: music.pdf

Wind Chime Acoustics: WindChimes
M.Fisher, Vibration Modes of a C4 Handbell: Holographic Interferometry and Finite Element Analysis: handbell.pdf

Xaq Pitkow, Why do Octaves Sound the Same? oct_sound.pdf
Daniel Irvine, Vibration Frequencies of Viola Strings (School Project): Daniel_Viola.pdf

Physics

Formulas for Calculating the Speed of Sound: speed.pdf  

The Acoustic Power Spectrum: aco_pow.pdf  
Acoustic Decibel Calculations for Air and Water: decibel.pdf
Notes on Loudness and Decibels: notes_loudness.pdf
Sound Power and Intensity: intens.pdf

Adrian Secord, Sound Pressure Generated by a Bubble: bubble.pdf

Rocket Vehicles

NASA SP-8072, Acoustic Loads Generated by the Propulsion System: SP8072.pdf

Non-Gaussian Acoustic Pressure Amplitudes in High-Intensity Sound Fields: nongaussian_acoustics.pdf

See also: Rocket Page

Transmission Loss

Acoustic Transmission Loss: aco_tl.pdf

Litvin & Belliston, Sound Transmission Loss through Concrete and Concrete Masonry Walls:  RD066.pdf
Transmission Loss of a Plane Wave with Normal Incidence through a Multi-Layer Partition:  TL_multilayer.pdf
Matlab Scripts:
single_partition.m

single_partition_plane_wave.m

transmission_three_media.m
transmission_five_media.m
TL_incidence.m

 Ultrasonics

 Measuring Ultrasonic Properties of Materials: LLultra.pdf

Vibroacoustics

See: Vibroacoustics

 Newsletters with Acoustic Articles

Issue
Feature Articles
January 2007
shofar1.mp3
shofar2.mp3
shofar3.mp3
Electrophonic Sound
Shofar Acoustics
Seiches in Pools and Lakes Caused by Earthquakes    
November 2006
Kawai_middle_C.mp3
Kawai_D.mp3
Kawai_A.mp3
Petrov_middle_C.mp3
Petrov_D.mp3
Petrov_A.mp3
Kawai_octave_A_A.mp3
Kawai_twelfth_A_E.mp3
Kawai_fifth_A_E.mp3
Kawai_fourth_A_D.mp3
Kawai_Major_Third_A_C_sharp.mp3
Kawai_Major_Sixth_A_F_sharp.mp3
Piano Acoustics 
Musical Scales
August_2006
Lissajous.m
Disc Brake Squeal
Lissajous Patterns
March 2006
Gobi_sand.mp3
Sputnik1.wav
Sputnik1b.wav
Booming Sand Dunes and Beaches  
Vibration in Naval Aviation   
Sputnik Beep Acoustic Analysis   
January 2006

Stuka.wav
Silver_Comet.mp3
Stuka Dive Bomber Siren  
Lockheed C130J Hercules Vibration  
Model Rocket Liftoff Acoustics    
IIT Tube  

December 2005

LRAD.mp3
Balloon3.mp3
Long Range Acoustic Device 
Football Player Head Acceleration 
Simple Measurement of Room Reverberation Time 
Taipei 101 Building Tuned Mass Damper 

September 2005

singing_bowl.mp3

Tibetan Singing Bowls   
Rogue Waves   

June_2005 
Death_Valley_whistler.mp3
NASA_whistler.mp3
Auroral_chorus.mp3
Earth Sferics, Tweeks & Whistlers   
Auroral Chorus
  
Schumann Resonance  
(Death Valley whistler is courtesy of Steve McGreevy )
May_2005 
Centennial_bell.mp3
The Liberty Bell
The Centennial Bell
Elevator Jerk
 March_2005 

tuningfork440.mp3
Transformer Hum
Magnetostriction Experiments

 February_2005 
Elephant Infrasound
Slinky Science
 October 2004
Hall_Flame_Bell.mp3
The Earth's Hum
Bell Acoustics
 April_2004
conure.mp3
flamingo.mp3

macaw.mp3
cockatoo.mp3
Bird Sounds
1. Golden Conure
2. Scarlet Macaw
3. Chilean Flamingo
4. Umbrella Cockatoo
 March_2004
chime1.mp3
chime2.mp3
chime3.mp3
chime4.mp3
chime5.mp3
 windchimes.mp3
thunder.mp3
hail.mp3
Wind Chime Sound & Vibration
Thunderstorm Sounds
 
 February 2004

Dream_speech.mp3
An Introduction to Human Speech
Acoustic Analysis of Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" Speech
 January 2004

crystal.wav
Crystal Glass Singing
Beverage Bottles as Helmholtz Resonators
 June 2003
Train Horn Acoustics
Doppler Shift
Train Horn Chimes
Train Horn Sounding in Pet Sounds
 May 2003
1. The Sounding of Taps at President Kennedy's Funeral.
This article discusses Sergeant Keith Clark's rendition of Taps at the funeral.

2. Helicopter Vibration per MIL-STD-810F
April 2003
Apache Helicopter Noise.

This article includes Fourier transforms of acoustic data that reveal the blade passing frequency and harmonics of each rotor.
 March 2003
1. Paso Fino Hoof Beat Sound
2. Power Line Noise
 February 2003
1. Space Shuttle Columbia Infrasound
2. Snapping Shrimp Acoustics
  September 2002
1. Atomic Clocks
2. The Use of Tuning Forks in Medical Exams
3. Quartz Tuning Forks
 July 2002
Space Shuttle Acoustics, Overpressure, and Vibration
 June 2002
1. Bubble Acoustics
2. Molecular Vibration
 May 2002
1. Acoustic Reverberant Chamber
2. Bolides
 April 2002
1. Quartz Crystal Microbalances
2. Sonic Booms
3. Triangle Sound and Vibration
 December 2001 
 Baseball Bat Sound and Vibration
October 2001 
1. The Kursk Submarine Disaster: A Shock & Vibration Perspective
2. How Astronauts Use Vibration to Measure Their Weight in Space



 Software

 Executable

 Source

Pink noise generator.
pink.exe
pink.cpp
Transmission loss through a plenum chamber. 
plenum.exe
plenum.cpp
 Natural frequencies of acoustic modes.
acoustic.exe
 _
 Natural frequencies of rooms modes.
 room_modes.exe
  room_modes.cpp
 Acoustic natural frequencies inside a cylinder.
 cylinder.exe
 cylinder.cpp
 Calculation of a sound pressure level from a pressure time history.
 SPL.exe
 SPL.cpp
 Calculation of a sound pressure level from a pressure power spectral density.
 psd_to_spl.exe
 psd_to_spl.cpp
 Calculation of a pressure power spectral density from a sound pressure level.
 spl_to_psd.exe
 spl_to_psd.cpp
Add two SPLs.
add_SPLs.exe
add_SPLs.cpp
Overall dB level from SPL or similar function.
 dB_RMS.exe
 dB_RMS.cpp
One-third octave band SPL from a one-third octave function which has arbitrary frequencies, such as an interpolated curve.
spl_from_curve.exe
spl_from_curve.cpp
 Speed of sound calculator.
 speed.exe

 _

Free-field acoustic radiation in a hemisphere pattern.
hemisphere.exe
hemisphere.cpp
Transmission loss through an expanded pipe.
expanded_pipe.exe 
 expanded_pipe.cpp
Transmission loss via the mass law.
mass_law.exe
mass_law.cpp
Doppler shift
doppler.exe
doppler.cpp
Frequency, Wavelength, Wavenumber, Wave Speed, c=(f )(lambda), Calculator
frequency_wavelength.exe
-
  Acoustics
Matlab Scripts
Sound Pressure Level from a time history.
SPL.m
 Noise from a subsonic gas jet
jet_mixing_noise.m
Franken method for a cylindrical structure subjected to a sound pressure field
  Franken.m
Liftoff acoustics of a rocket vehicle 
 liftoff_matlab.zip
Overall dB level from SPL or similar function
 dB_rms.m
Transmission loss through a single partition
single_partition.m
Transmission loss through three media
transmission_three_media.m
Driving Point Impedance
dp_impedance.m

dp_plot.m
Modal Density, Bending Modes, Flat Plate
modal_density.m
Vibration Response of a Thin Cylindrical Shell to External Acoustic Pressure via Statistical Energy Analysis
SEA_cylinder.m
SEA_plot.m
progressbar.m
SEA_cylindrical_shell.pdf
Fill factor for a payload fairing
fill_factor.m
octaves.m
Doppler shift

 

doppler.m

YouTube Video

The Nature of Sound (1948)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNBlEagFroU

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