ALASKA

Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquake of March 27, 1964.

PHOTOGRAPHS
The Alaskan earthquake generated a tsunami which destroyed this
waterfront in Kodiak.
In addition, the earthquake caused a city street in Anchorage to collapse.
Photos courtesy of USGS.
J.C. Penney Building in Anchorage (Photo credit: NOAA/NGDC)
 INTRODUCTION
The Alaskan earthquake occurred on Good Friday, March 27, 1964, at 5:36 PM local time. It was the largest earthquake ever recorded in North America.
Duration estimates range from 3 to 5 minutes.
Sources vary as to the magnitude of this earthquake, in part because a variety of scales are used to measure earthquakes. Bruce Bolt lists it as 8.6 Ms, where Ms is the surface-wave magnitude. The USGS gives it a 9.2 Mw, where Mw is the moment magnitude.
 EPICENTER
The epicenter was located between Valdez and Anchorage, near Prince William Sound.
The earthquake occurred on a thrust fault. This fault was a subduction zone, where the Pacific plate plunges underneath the North American plate.
The first slip occurred at a depth of 25 km (16 miles), which is a shallow depth.
TSUNAMI
The sudden uplift of the Alaskan seafloor caused a tsunami, which was responsible for 122 of the 131 deaths.
The tsunami propagated at speeds over 400 miles per hour.

The tsunami reached the Hawaiian Islands.
The tsunami also struck Crescent City, California, killing ten people. Giant redwood logs from a nearby sawmill were thrust into the city streets.

A total of 16 people died in Oregon and California.
Seiches occurred in rivers, lakes, bayous, and protected harbors and waterways along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas, causing minor damage. Note that a seiche is a sloshing of water back and forth.
 
HARBOR WAVES
As landslides cascaded into the sea, they generated gigantic harbor waves that smashed upward against the shore, in some places as high as 100 feet above normal tide levels, per Reference 3.
 ANCHORAGE
The earthquake also caused ground liquefaction, whereby the soil and sand temporarily turned from a solid to a liquid state.
Rockslides and avalanches occurred as a result of the liquefaction. Some of the landslides occurred in Anchorage, particularly at Turnagain Heights. Soft clay bluffs at this location collapsed during the strong ground motion. About 75 homes were thus destroyed.
The property damage cost was about $311 million. Much of the property damage occurred in Anchorage. For example, the J.C. Penney Company building and the Four Seasons apartment building were damaged beyond repair.
The Penney's building facade consisted of massive concrete panels, which were five inches thick. The panels broke off from the building and fell into the street. A woman driving by was struck and killed in her car. A young man crouching on the street was also killed.
Several schools in Anchorage were also destroyed, including the Government Hill elementary school. Fortunately, the schools were closed due to the Good Friday holiday.
The 68 foot tall concrete control tower at Anchorage International Airport toppled over, killing the air traffic controller.

In addition, water, sewer, and gas lines ruptured. Telephone and electrical service was also disrupted.
 VALDEZ
The port of Valdez is 120 miles east of Anchorage.
The S.S. Chena freighter was unloading supplies at the town dock when the earthquake began. A giant harbor wave lifted the S.S Chena thirty feet. The wave killed 28 people who were at the dock. The S.S. Chena was able to break free and move safely into the bay.
The Valdez waterfront and many homes and commercial buildings were destroyed.
The ground in Valdez had rolling undulations, with an amplitude of three feet from crest to trough.
Later in the evening at 10:30 pm, continuing waves combing with a rising tide flooded broad sections of Valdez. The waves occurred at 30 minute intervals, until 2 am.
The residents fled to the hills, where they spent the night in subfreezing cold.
 SEWARD
Seward is an oil port and railroad terminus, located 80 miles south of Anchorage.
The events at Seward were similar to those at Valdez, except that the Seward suffered an additional catastrophe of fire. Oil pipes ruptured. Entire tanks at the Standard Oil storage facility exploded. Burning petroleum spewed out in a sheet of fire across the harbor.
Twelve people at Seward died.
 KODIAK ISLAND
The initial ground shocks did little damage to Kodiak. Fisherman nearby in St. Paul harbor noticed a long, gentle swell followed by a sudden ebb. The water receded until the remaining depth was only two feet. The 160 boat fishing fleet sat on the bottom of the harbor in mud. A series of giant wave stuck the harbor, beginning at 6:20 pm. The waves picked up boats and waterfront buildings, propelling them three blocks into town. Two crab and salmon canneries were obliterated.
 CONCLUSION
The 1964 Alaskan earthquake was the largest earthquake ever recorded in North America in terms of magnitude.

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was the worst U.S. earthquake in terms of death toll, however, resulting in at least 700 deaths.

The largest earthquake ever recorded was a 9.5 Mw earthquake in Chile in 1960.

PERSONAL ACCOUNTS

The following is my recollection of Friday, March 27, 1964.
 It was 5:30 pm and I had just finished my shower. I was planning a night out on the town since I had turned 20 yrs. old three days earlier. I was sitting in the barracks at the Kodiak Naval Base reading the week old Oklahoma City Times. I barely got through the front page and noticed a little shaking of the paper in my hands. I dismissed it, thinking it was one of the sub hunters revving it's engines at the nearby hangar. Suddenly the closed and latched doors of the lockers in front of me sprang open. Myself and one other seaman yelled simultaneously "it's an EARTHQUAKE".
The barracks and showers were full of Seabees and Marines getting ready for the weekend parties. Most were partially or completely naked. It was very hard to remain on your feet as we all headed for the stairs at the same time. We pretty much went down in a pile. I remember standing on the bottom step of the doorway to the barracks and watching lightning on the ground. The ground was alive. All around you and as far as you could see the ground was splitting with cracks from as wide as an inch to hairline cracks. The power poles were all swaying in unison. Water and Gas lines were breaking underground all around. And at the same time you felt like you were standing on a giant vibrator.
The one thing I remember most while I was standing there in my shorts was where did all the girls come from. We rarely saw a female on base. And there must have been 8 or 10 screaming girls and women within a few yards of our barracks. Never figured out where they came from. Of course liberty was canceled and we were ordered to muster. The Seabees were in charge of the Motor Pool on base. We provided services to the base in all phases of transportation. As well as snow removal and road repair on the Island. My first assigned task was to transport a squad of armed Marines to the town of Kodiak. The first wave had hit and took out the town. It took about an hour and a half to get there because of the condition of the roads.
Rock slides had blocked many areas and we had to clear the road before proceeding. When we arrived I couldn't believe the destruction. The streets were littered with everything from rifles to cash. Looting was already taking place. The buildings that were on the waterfront were all displaced and in the middle of what used to be the streets. Over the next 24 hours, the tides became increasingly higher and higher. Soon the base power plant was under water and we lost all power to the base.
Our entire Company spent the next two weeks working 12 to 15 hour days doing whatever we could to help anyone that needed it. I remember when the C130 arrived from Seattle with the replacement power plant. Word was that it took over two days to get it loaded and secured on the plane and we had it unloaded and operational in about 18 hours.
When my tour of duty was finished I was able to spend some time in Anchorage while on the way back to the States.  I have since been in another earthquake while visiting California. Two is enough. I 'm glad I live Texas. I am now 63 years old and I plan to drive the Alcan Highway next summer. Sure hope the ground ain't shakin'.

Thanks for the opportunity to share this experience, James Boyd  Midlothian, Texas
I was 10 years old and my family lived on 8th Street in Anchorage. I remember when the quake hit I ran out the back door, circled the block, and all of the parked cars were slamming back and forth into each other. My dad was in the doorway of our house and yelling for me to come to him, I was just panicked and running down the street. I guess I thought that there was somewhere that was not shaking. The Four Seasons Apartments were just down the street, I remember that when it fell there was a huge mushroom cloud like we had seen in school films about atomic bombs. To this very day, the smallest earthquake scares me spitless. My older sister was just entering the doors at Penneys when some high school friends drove down the road and called to her and her friend. The front of Pennys came down right where they had been standing. They barely escaped being victims. I have a bunch of old newspapers from those days that my Dad left me. I have no idea what to do with them.

Bill Woosley
I was 9 when the quake hit. But I clearly remember where I was & what I was doing. It seemed the earth would never stop shaking. I was in a basement & had a hard time getting up the stairs. I lived on Cherry Hill - with a bunch of other military families. I remember the "100" tremors a day afterwards.
Peg
I was 18 and a resident of Fairbanks and had never been to Anchorage before, but was there attending the Community College taking a two month class in surveying and soils testing. I was staying in a boarding house on K Street that was owned by Mr. and Mrs. Bill Langford. Classes were over for the day and the rest of the boarders and I were just sitting down for supper, about to enjoy the meal that “Mother” [as we called her] had prepared for us. Suddenly there was a tremor that lasted only a few seconds. 

One of the boarders said casually, “Hmm, earthquake.” Then it really hit with all it’s might. Everything was rocking and rolling. The cupboards in the kitchen all emptied out all over the place. Some of the stuff landed in a huge bowl of gravy that mother was preparing, slashing it all over her. I yelled out, “Let’s get out of here!” It was hard to stand but we all made it out of the back door that was only a few feet away. I remember one guy stumbled over to a nearby picket fence and managed to hold on to it. I grabbed the corner of the house and was holding on to that.

Looking down I saw the earth open and then close right between my feet. Looking up I saw the brick chimney swaying back and forth. I figured I was about to get it right on my head. Oddly enough it held together. Looking across the street I saw huge trees swaying from side to side. How they didn’t snap I will never know. The sound generated sounded to me like I was standing next to a railroad track with a train roaring past with the sound of continually breaking glass in the background. The air was full of the odor of natural gas. And then it was over.

A young girl of about 15 suddenly was running down our driveway screaming at the top of her lungs. My landlord’s son grabbed her as she ran by him, and just in time too for the whole backyard and rear portion of the house dropped down about 10 ft. From somewhere down the street I heard a man yelling, “Don’t light any matches!” 
We all gathered together and found that nobody had been hurt. I went down to the end of K St. and looked out over Cook Inlet. Where earlier it had been frozen over solid the ice was now pulverized and the water level had dropped dramatically. Coming back up K St. I stopped at the intersection of 4th Ave. to gaze downtown. Just then an Anchorage policeman pulled up and asked if I would direct traffic at that corner. I told him I would and he left saying, “Don’t let anyone downtown!” I stayed there for a few hours. Traffic was almost nonexistent.

One man did pull up to me and said he had to get downtown. I told him that the police wanted nobody to go down there. He then told me that he was going through anyhow because his mother was down there. I let him pass without any argument.

Later as the sun was going down I remember looking downtown as big flakes of snow started to slowly fall. It was very quiet. I thought to myself [being a child of the Cold War] that this is how it would be after a nuclear attack. We all stayed in the house that night even though part of it was gone. My alarm clock had fallen off of the night stand beside my bed and was broken. It was the only thing I lost to the earthquake, and I have it to this day.

The next day we were told that we had to evacuate the house. The Langfords were fortunate enough to find a place where all of us tenants could stay together. I stayed there with them until my class was completed in May. I went home to Fairbanks and never saw any of them again. A few years later I moved to New York State. I understand that the area where the boarding house once stood is now a parking lot. These memories are as vivid today as they were then. I certainly will never forget.

Clark H. Jillson
I was 4 years old and living in the Cherry Hill area of Elmendorf Air Force Base.  My father was away on a mission leaving my mother and their 5 children "home alone."  I was coming up the basement stairs when the quake hit and I remember falling down the stairs.  The shaking was unbelievably violent but I also remember the sound of the quake.  The noise the earthquake made is rarely mentioned, but I can vividly remember the loud rumble which sounded like a freight train at high speed.  In fact I thought the cause of it all was a freight train coming out of the ground from below the apartment.
The kitchen was a mess with all of the jars of food and condiments broken on the floor.  All of my brothers' model airplanes had come down from their perches as well as books, figurines, etc. My brothers' school, Government Hill Elementary was destroyed, but as noted was closed that day for Good Friday.
With no electricity or heat, that night we gathered with other families on our living room floor and slept in sleeping bags.  It was a great adventure for a 4 year old, but tremors and fires in the fuel storage area nearby (above ground due to the permafrost - since buried) kept the adults worried for days.
I can still remember my friend Mary Jo and I pushing on the side of the apartment building later that summer and trying to get the building shaking again!
David Kanzler
 In 1964 I was 7. I lived on Ash Place in Government Hill about two blocks from the elementary school, which I attended. I was sledding on our favorite hill on the other side of E. Loop Rd. and was walking up the hill when the first tremor hit.
The first thing I remember was the water tower at the top of the hill making a lot of noise. My worst fear during the whole thing was that the tower would fall on me! After losing my footing and sliding to the bottom of the hill, I tried to stand up but the earth was moving in waves. It was like being on the surface of the ocean, with waves of earth passing underneath me. The next thing I noticed was spruce trees hitting the ground on either
side as these waves passed underneath them. Next were the cracks in the earth propagating around me. I remember seeing 2-3" cracks opening up and running for tens of feet. It is amazing how, after 40 years, the memories of that thirty minutes are still so vivid.
My oldest brother has even better stories. He was 17 and was moving furniture on the third (top) floor of the JC Penney building when the outside walls fell away. He remembers looking out of the building and seeing the destruction in the Fourth St. area as it was happening.
Dave Rice
My dad was stationed at Fort Richardson. We lived across from ball fields and boy scout and girl scout huts. I remember the man made ice skating rinks. I also remember every minute of the Alaska Earthquake. It was supper time. My dad had the rank for that set of quarters. A lot of the people in that bldg. came to our basement for shelter. Food came out of cabinet, fish out of fish bowl. Streets with cracks. Tops of bldg's down town even with streets. I don't know which was worse, the quake, or tremors after, for so long.
Sandra Mitchell, Adams

When the earthquake of 1964 hit, I was 9 years old and lived on Fort Richardson Alaska. I was in my front yard making a snow fort. All the other kids went inside to eat dinner. When the earthquake started....I saw my snow fort crumble in front of me. I was about 40 yards from my front door and started to run home...I fell down at least 3 times because the ground was vibrating. When I got to my house, my mother and two older brothers were coming out. My mother grabbed me and lay on top of me while my brothers were bouncing around. When the earthquake stopped, we went into our house and saw all the furniture had shifted to one side of the house. Our gold fish were struggling on the floor.
Forty years later....I can clearly remember every detail of that day.
Paul Heilman

I was 12 years old and my sister was 7 on Good Friday in 1964. My dad was stationed at Fort Richardson. We lived right across from the little league fields on base. I remember that we were watching TV and all of a sudden everything in the house started to rattle and then the whole place started moving up and down. My mom freaked out but got us all outside and down on the ground. I could see the telephone poles rocking back and forth for what seemed forever then it stopped. After it was over we got up and went back into the house. There wasn’t a picture left on the walls nor a nik-nak left on anything, except for a lone ornamental egg that was on top of the TV. Figure that one out. Until that day I thought that the earth was solid ground and was unshakable. While the quake was happening, I thought the world was coming to an end. I hope never to have that feeling again.
Fred Price
 
I was 9 years old living on Eielson Air Force Base, my dad was at his second job at the N.C.O. club, My two brothers, mom & I were just sitting down to supper when the quad plex we lived in started shaking violently. The house tilted and the cabinet doors flew open when glasses and dishes were crashing on the floor. I hopped on the counter and was closing the cabinets . The ground in the front yard looked like water, waves. It happened so instantly that we really didn't get scared, more of an adrenaline euphoria and excitement came over us. When it was over we went outside and every thing was OK except the yard looked as if it had been roughed up. Then for a while the tremors would pass through. I can remember many quakes at night in Alaska, some times the after shock was worse than the first quake. But not on Good Friday in 1964.

Robert Williams

I was 4 years old living on Ft. Richardson at the time of the earthquake. Most people don't think that a 4 year old child can remember particular events but I remember this one. My sisters and I along with two friends were watching Davey and Goliath on the TV when just as Davey and Goliath were entering a spooky building the TV lifted up off of the stand that it was on and crashed to the floor. As we just sat there on the couches and chairs, we watched the pictures on the walls dance back and forth. During all of this time all of the dishes in the cupboards flew out and fell to the floor. Upstairs, the toilet was sloshing around so much that all of the water spilled and continued to spill as the toilet kept filling itself up. I remember going down to the basement afterward and seeing the large crack in the concrete flooring. My older sister said that "That was the Easter Bunny stamping his foot telling us that he was coming."
Timothy S. Osborn
I was 12 years old, living in Chugiak, at the time of the Good Friday earthquake. We lived in a 3-room log cabin about a quarter of a mile off Birchwood Loop North. My older brother was on his 2-week encampment with the National Guard. My mother and father were both home, as was I at the time of the earthquake. It was a very frightening experience and the longest 4 minutes I've ever experienced. I remember my mother grabbing me and we stood in the doorway of the cabin. I think my dad was ready to catch the TV. His one-ton truck bounced all over the yard, but interestingly enough, our wood pile stayed pretty much intact. The entire pile appeared to be rocking together, as if it were placed in a giant rocking chair. Damage to our house wasn't great, however, we did lose our well shortly afterwards and a support beam under the cabin cracked. The medicine cabinet emptied itself, and furniture shifted. Mother's plants on the window sill all fell and water sloshed out of the pan we kept on the wood stove, so we had a lot of mud on the floor. The earthquake was even completely over yet, when our neighbors across the street and their children came over to our house. They, like us, were frightened. We apparently had only electric radios which did us no good without electricity, so my father ran his truck and wired a speaker from the truck radio into the house. We went to bed that night with our clothes and boots on, so we could leave quickly in case we had to evacuate. As instructed on the radio, we also packed a bag with groceries for evacuation, mostly canned items, and discovered to our amusement much later, that we had not included a can opener. We eventually heard that the National Guardsmen were okay - that was great relief, although they were put on extended duty. My brother had to tromp through damaged homes in Turnagain By The Sea looking for bodies.
Nearly 40 years later (and in another state) I had an "earthquake flashback". I was in a pharmacy which had antique pharmaceutical bottles on display. There was a demolition and construction project underway across the street. Some heavy equipment was rumbling and all those display bottles were vibrating and clinking. It felt and sounded like an earthquake. I had to leave.
Sandy Gunvalson Anderson

 

I was a senior at West Anchorage high school when this happened. We were out of school due to Good Friday and that saved a lot of lives. When it hit, we were at Gamble and North lights having just left the downtown area. The car felt like a rolling and rocking sensation. We watched power lines hitting each other and also a gas station on the corner lost its large glass window causing oil cans running all over the street. We had problems getting home as we lived in the Sand lake area and bridges were all damaged. What a mess inside our house. What a terrible night it was after shocks no electricity, we rescued a lady next door with small children, her husband out in the bush. The next day we assessed the house and found minor damage. Our school was destroyed. We ended up going to our rival school East Anchorage and had to go split days. We graduated that year due to both gyms being damaged out of a Air Force Hanger. What a terrible ordeal, and I know every once in a while I will think about it and realize just what a piece of history that we all lived through.
William J. Ellis

I was stationed at Elmendorf AFB in 1964 when the earthquake occurred. I was in the base BX store when the shelves and light fixtures began to shake violently. Some said it was an earthquake and to get outside. I made it to the parking lot. I saw the parking lot moving in waves that looked like waves on an ocean. The walls of the base gym which was next door were moving back and forth as if they were made of rubber. The corner of the walls stated to come loose and some bricks fell. Someone shouted that it was an act of God because it was Good Friday. One man in the parking lot was trying to grab the door handle of his car but was having difficulty because it was bouncing up and down so much. When it finally stopped I went back to the barracks. The next day I went to work in the hanger where I worked on aircraft. Some of the metal cross beams which supported the roof of the hanger had come loose because the rivets had snapped.
Robert Bucari
I was almost 6 years old. My Dad was in the Army, and we had just been stationed at Ft. Richardson, Anchorage, Alaska. I had climbed a small lamp pole, and was sitting on top of it, when a man came home from work, parked his car, and went inside his building. I remember looking at his car jiggling, and thinking "he must have left it running". About then the force knocked me off the pole, and I went running home. I must have fallen several times running home. The earth was moving so much, you just couldn't keep your feet under you. Once home, things were falling off the walls, and I saw my Mom crying for the first time ever. That scared me to see her crying. That meant this was REALLY bad. I don't remember how long it lasted. But I remember the after shocks and tremors that for days afterward, would come unexpectedly and we would get scared thinking "here it comes again". After the main event, I remember going to neighbors houses and comparing damage...some peoples refrigerators fell over. Think about the force required to do that! Our favorite street that we would sled down, got a big crack in it, running across the street. I think it was maybe 5-6 inches wide. I don't know how deep it went, but to us kids, it was a bottomless pit that went all the way to China. We just kept sledding right over top of it. The days and months that followed found me scared to get near the water, because I thought it was going to suck me in like all the houses and structures that destroyed near the coastline and harbors etc..... We lived there until 1967, when we transferred to Ft. Lewis Washington. I loved Alaska. It was like living in the frontier wilderness, but I will always remember that Good Friday in 1964.
Tom Burt
I was 13 years old on March 27 1964 and lived in South Mountain View near the Park Place Bowling Lanes. That was my first earthquake and as the quake began, I expected it to last a few seconds. When the shaking reached a violent level I ran from the house and fell between our two family cars. The cars repeatedly crashed into each other as I lay between them. I was able to get back into the house without injury. It seemed that the shaking would never stop. We feared a gas leak in our home so we slept in a car the night of the 27th. My Father who was stationed on Fort Richardson was placed on duty in downtown Anchorage so my Mother took charge. To this day I still become a little nervous when I feel a structure sway or shake.
Kenny Renew
Huntsville, Alabama
My family lived on the 13th floor of the L Street Apt's. I was only 8 years old but I remember that day vividly. My stepfather was talking to his brother on the phone when the quake began. He yelled, Oh my God, we're having an earthquake! The phone went dead. That's how Seattle found out about it. I have a magazine with many photos of that horrible day, including the apt building we lived in. Thank you for an informative site and the stories are healing for me. I, like many others, am still terrified of loud rumbling noises and I run when there's an earthquake. (I live in the northwest). You won't find me under a table or in a doorway...... Penny
 
March 27th, 1964…, what a day. I was 18 years old, a senior at Kenai High School. My sister Kathy was 16. We got off the school bus and walked the mile and a half of our homestead road to our cabin on Longmere lake. I fixed our dinner and was doing the dishes when the quake hit. I remember the water in the sink stood up sideways, and then fell back down. We didn't have doors on the kitchen cupboards and things started falling out all around me. My sister started to become hysterical so I chased her around the cabin, held on to her, and told her we were going outside. I opened the door. The trees were laying on the ground one minute and upright the next, then back down again Then, the lake started to crack open and the mud from the bottom shot many feet up into the air. It looked like the cracks were headed straight for us, so we huddled there in the doorway until the shaking finally quit. I didn't think it would ever stop, it felt like forever.
The main phone lines were out, but we were on a party line, so the neighbors were all picking up their receivers and checking on each other. My boyfriend and his family lived about 2 miles away, and thankfully his dad decided to drive down and check on us. He knew our parents and other siblings were in Anchorage for the day. I must have been in shock because I told him we were fine. He started driving up the hill, then stopped and backed down. He told me my face was white as a ghost, and that we were going home with him. I was so very grateful. They had six children at the time, and lived in a 10x55 mobile home, but made room for us. It was cozy and comforting. We all sat around listening to the battery radio, and waiting for news.
It was at least a day before we heard that the rest of our family was OK, and then it took my mom 3 days to get home since the Kenai River bridge, and most of the Portage bridges were out. She told us that right before the earthquake started, she and my sister were on their way to J.C.Penney's to go shopping, but that she changed her mind and they drove by the store, and on down to 19th Ave. where they were staying with friends. She was sure happy she made that decision.
While we were cleaning up all the mess in the cabin, Mom pounded a nail in one of the log beams and hung a wrench up on it so we could watch for the aftershocks.
To this day, any earth shake brings back all the vivid details, and the fear.
Susan (Erlwein) Davis
 When the Music Stopped Playing
I was 11-1/2 years old at the time the Great Alaskan Earthquake struck. We lived in the basement unit at 1505 Orca Street in Anchorage. When the quake struck, Father was working, Mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen at the far end of the house, and the baby was in his high chair close to Mother. I was lying barefoot on Mother's bed, singing a popular song with the radio. My brothers were outside playing. As usual, our parakeet, "Pretty Boy," flitted about his cage chattering incessantly.

Unlike the older of my younger brothers, who never realized a quake hit, the noise of the earth's rumbling and the crashing of dishes alerted me instantly that something was terribly awry. Seconds after the rumbling and violent shaking began, Mother screamed from the kitchen at one end of our basement unit, "Get Out! Get Outside!" The radio crashed to the floor, our dinner flew off the stove, chairs scooted and fell, books and crafts flew into our flight path. I can only imagine what "Pretty Boy" experienced in his cage suspended from a spring in the kitchen.
Spurred by the tone of Mother's voice, I instantly scrambled off the bed and instantly lost my balance as my feet hit the wobbling tile. I tried to stand again, and fell after one or two steps. Mother came rushing through, clutching the baby, her face tight with tension, screaming even more hysterically, "Get Outside! Now! Run! Run!"
I scrambled and ran, but as the earth continued to shake violently, I once again fell, landing directly in Mother's path. Mother hurtled over me with the baby in her arms, screaming in a voice raw with fear and despair, "Get Out! Get Out! Get Out!"
As I watched her disappear through the front doorway, suddenly a fierce emotion seized me, and I began to crawl furiously on all fours. By the time I reached the front doorway, the earth's shaking had stopped. Mother was outside at the top of the stairwell with my 2 younger brothers, looking towards the dark basement, paralyzed with fear and trepidation, her eyes searching. I'll never forget the look on her face when I finally appeared. If she could have, she would have flown down the stairwell to me, but since she had two other children to consider and one of them was in arms, she stood at the top of the stairs and called to me. Regaining my footing, I ran up the flight of stairs to her. Within an instant, mother was once again the stern mother hen, clucking orders, and instructing us to climb inside the Rambler and wait for her.
We obeyed. As we huddled together, cold and scared in the back of the Rambler, mother ran in search of my brother, Robert, screaming his name throughout the neighborhood as she quickly scoured the streets. Within a few minutes, Mother returned to the 3 of us, empty handed and dejected. Ordering us to stay, she ventured into the basement alone, and returned with our coats, the car keys, and her purse. When she noticed my bare feet, I recall her lecturing me on never going barefooted again and then she fell silent and put the Rambler into gear. As she drove to East Northern Lights Boulevard to fetch our father, dodging asphalt eruptions and asphalt cracks and valleys in the roadway, tears streamed down her face. We remained silent.
Gratefully, our basement unit was relatively undamaged and by nightfall, my brother Robert was returned home, unharmed. Our home became a refuge for three other families and a young man. From that point forward, life for the next several days took on a surrealistic feel.

Altogether, there were 23 of us in that basement refuge. Fortunately, one of the men, Curtis, worked at Fort Richardson, and through him, we had access to military water in large cardboard boxes containing flexible plastic containers with spouts. We supplemented that water with boiled snow treated with Clorox. It was the children's job to collect snow in pots to melt so we would have water for washing and the toilet. I remember during the next few days that the radio ran day and night-playing only news-there was no time for music.
Early every morning for the next couple of weeks, my Father left together with the other men. I remember they would return long after dark, filthy and exhausted. They would sit down and eat voraciously while the womenfolk doted on them and then, one by one, they would turn into bed, murmuring about the sights they had seen that day. All I knew was that they were volunteering along with other men from the city to help clean up the mess, and to repair broken gas, water, and sewage lines throughout the city.
There were five women and it seems they never slept! If you wanted to find one, you could always find them gathered round the wooden picnic table in the kitchen, sleeping babies in their arms, murmuring together. When the women were not in the kitchen, they were caring for the children and men.
I was the oldest of all the children, so it was my responsibility to keep the younger ones out of the way of the adults, coordinate the many snow-gathering expeditions, and round up the kids for mealtime. By mid-week, our meals consisted of unremarkable government rations that I believe may have come from the military bases.
All the children (there were nine of us not including the two babies) shared a full-sized bed set up in the parlor area. It was comforting to sleep with company, even though we were arranged like so many clothespins, lined up neatly, side by side, our heads at opposite ends of the bed. Most of the children slept well, but I could not for each time I felt a tremor, I would sit up, ready to run again.

Eventually, life began to return to normal. We were all shepherded to one of the undamaged schools in the area to receive our typhoid shots. I remember watching my brother, Robert, the older of my younger brothers, stagger over to the glass windows after receiving his typhoid shot and then fainting to the floor. I thought it was rather comical at the time. In fact, I'm still chuckling at this moment, as I recall how his eyes rolled up into his head and he sank to the floor with an unceremonious sigh.
Eventually, the schools reopened. I attended Fairview Elementary. Twelve blocks away, the Denali school had been rendered unusable, so we shared our school by attending in shifts. Fairview started the day with the early morning shift and Denali took the late shift. During those days, classes and playground times were shortened. Long after I had gone home, Denali students were just beginning the school day.
Permission to play on the school grounds came only after the Denali students had gone home late in the evening. I remember how much my brothers and I loved to ice skate. After the Good Friday earthquake, we rarely had the opportunity to skate at the school playground. Father's answer to our dilemma was to help us build our own ice rink in the backyard. Although crude, and full of bumps that could send you flying through the air, the rough rink generated many happy memories for the entire neighborhood until the Spring thaw.
Interestingly, after the 9.2 earthquake, "Pretty Boy" never flew again, choosing instead to walk about his cage walls and floor or on the floors and tables of our home. If "Pretty Boy" wanted to get down, he jumped, or used drapes for ladders, but he never flew again.
Of course, after school started, everyone began trickling back to their own homes. The radio started playing music once again. Although it was nice to have my own bed back again, I missed having everyone nearby. During a disaster, there is something inexplicably comforting about being able to share in the company of another human being. There is yet an even more inexplicable comfort to experience when the music returns.
by Georgiana (Jana) Llaneza
 More Images of the Alaskan Earthquake
 REFERENCES
1. Bruce A. Bolt Earthquakes (Earthquakes, 4th Ed) 1999.
2. M. Levy and M. Salvadori, Why the Earth Quakes, Norton, London, 1995.

3. Bryce Walker et al, Planet Earth Earthquake, Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, 1982.
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